In instructional design, gamification is the application of methods proper to games, notably video games, to incite users to gain knowledge or to develop a desired behaviour.

The second generation of the World Wide Web that allows the internauts to interact with each other, to create web content and to share information online.

A social media are websites and applications that enable users or organizations to have social interactions, to create or to share information based on their personal or professional interests.

A discussion forum is a public and dynamic discussion space on the Internet where different persons can exchange their ideas and opinions on a precise subject, in real or delayed time.

The virtual reality (VR) is a technology that allows the creation of an environment composed of 3D synthetic images that provide the user the feeling of being immersed in a real world

Augmented reality (AR) is an interactive technology consisting of superimposing, in real time, virtual elements – images or information – on top of real-world images in order to enrich the user’s perception of this frame of reference.

A hypermedia is called “adaptive” when each user is being suggested links according to certain characteristics such as his preferences or his knowledge.

The personalized training is a training method based on the fact that each learner is unique.

We call big data the sum of the digital data produced by new technologies - for professional or personal use - in real time, continuously and which growth is exponential.

Based in particular on the artificial intelligence advances and on adaptive hypermedia, adaptive learning is a personalized training mode that uses technologies, not only to transmit contents to the learner and to evaluate his learning but also to adapt it for him.