What does "learning" mean to you? Chances are your answer will differ from that of your neighbour. Indeed, contrary to what one might think, we do not all share the same conception of the learning process. Among those who have studied the issue, researcher Roger Säljö, who, with Ference Marton, is at the origin of the concepts of surface and depth learning, is the first to have identified different conceptions of learning among adult students.

"Any occasion is good for learning!" could be the motto of informal learning, this type of learning without structure or organization that we all do on a daily basis without realizing it and whose possibilities are attracting increasing interest, especially in the workplace.

We come into contact with it daily through emails, social networks, search engines, online shopping, smart assistants, and much more. Artificial intelligence has already changed our lives considerably and will continue to do so in the years to come.

In online training, gamification consists of integrating game-specific mechanisms into the course design: challenges, rewards, personal progression, etc. While gamification is not a new method of learning, the technologies that can now be used in online training, particularly those specific to video games, are increasing the possibilities of this approach tenfold. But be careful, don't confuse gamification with serious games!

Motivation is the momentum that drives us to act and think in one way or another, a process that is both cognitive and emotional, influenced by a combination of factors that are internal and external to us. In learning, motivation is a sine qua non-condition to get involved, to engage in a traditional or online training path.

The concepts of surface and in-depth learning emerged some 40 years ago, when two Swedish psychology researchers, Ference Marton and Roger Säljö, were trying to understand how a group of university students approached reading.

With the accelerated changes in digital technology, particularly in artificial intelligence (AI), the workplace is on the verge of a real revolution. As a result, a Californian think tank led by the Institute for the Future estimated that 85% of the professions that will be carried out in 2030 have not yet been created.

The average speech rate is 150 words per minute, while our writing ability is limited to about 27 words per minute... No wonder effective note-taking is not an easy exercise! In addition to requiring the ability to write quickly and concisely, it requires concentration, listening, analytical skills and the ability to synthesize.

Myths are those preconceived ideas, shared in droves, adorned with an aura of credibility, but which are false. They have a "tough skin" to break, despite the fact that we are collectively more educated and that the scientific method allows us to separate the wheat from the chaff, in other words, to distinguish a proven fact from an idea based on intuition alone.

Between keyboard and pen note-taking, which method is the most effective for learning? Before the advent of the intelligent digital pen, this question would not have been of any interest to a majority of young learners - and many not so young - for whom the laptop is an essential working tool.